Behind the Barrel

In response to the ongoing genocide in Gaza, Oil Change International has published several briefings tracking the supply of crude oil and refined petroleum products to Israel during this period, and issued numerous statements in support of the Palestinian people.

Briefings

Behind the Barrel: An Update on the Origins of Israel's Fuel Supply

November, 2025: This report details the global fuel shipments that fuel Israel’s genocide in Gaza. It tracks over 21 million tonnes of crude oil and refined fuels delivered to Israel between November 2023 and October 2025, including jet fuel used for military aircrafts.

Read the briefing

Behind the Barrel: New Insights into the Countries and Companies Behind Israel’s Fuel Supply

August 19, 2024: This updated analysis highlights the ongoing complicity of multiple countries and companies in fueling Israel’s war machine.

We tracked a total of 65 shipments of crude oil and refined petroleum products that have been delivered to Israel from October 21, 2023 to July 12, 2024. 35 of these, or 54%, departed their origin port after the January 26, 2024 International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruling that the Palestinian people have plausible rights under the Genocide Convention

Read the briefing

Investigating the countries and companies behind Israeli crude oil and fuel supply chains

March 14, 2024: Our first analysis took a preliminary look at fuel supplies six months into the conflict. We found that the U.S. is a regular supplier of military grade jet fuel as part of its military aid package for Israel and that Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan are Israel’s primary crude oil suppliers. This crude oil supply, among others, implicates major international oil companies including BP, Chevron, ENI, ExxonMobil, Shell, and TotalEnergies.

Background Data Desk analysis

Read the briefing

Additional Commentary

Two hands reaching for each other